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The Exodus

Movies + videos: Exodus Revealed!, The Exodus Case - Dr. Moller, Jim & Penny Caldwell, Patterns of Evidence

Ron Wyatt videos

The first researcher to propose and document the alternate route to the Exodus. Ron Wyatt was also involved in the search for Noah's Ark, the Ark of the Covenant, etc.

Exodus + Moses dating

  • The Date of the Exodus: 1446 BC. Details the arguments for proposing this date for the Exodus.
  • Joseph's death. Propose 1635 BC. From The Red Sea Crossing.
  • Moses' birth. Propose 1526 BC.
  • Exodus date. Propose 1446 BC (80 years after Moses' birth).
  • Pharaoh at Moses' birth. Thutmoses 1 / Amenhotep 1. Ron Wyatt believed Thutmoses 1 became Amenhotep 1 when he went from co-regent to emperor. Therefore, these two names are the same person.
  • Pharaoh's daughter at Moses' birth, Nefure / Hatshepsut.
  • Moses' Egyptian name. Senmut or "Hatsheptsut Xnem Amen"?
  • Pharaoh when Moses fled. Thutmoses 3 / Amenhotep 2.
  • Pharaoh of the Exodus. Thutmoses 4 / Amenhotep 3. First-born son of this Pharaoh, Tutankhamen.

The Two Mountains - Mt. Horeb (Jabal al-Lawz) and Mt. Sinai (Jabal Maqla).

  • Mt. Horeb, the mountain of God, is where Moses saw the burning bush (Exodus 3:1). It is also where Moses struck the rock (Exodus 17:6). The rock is believed to be on the west side of Mt. Horeb.
  • (YouTube) Mountain of God - Jim & Penny Caldwell 1 of 8. Interview [2009]. This couple made 15 separate trips to this area, starting in 1992. Other parts: 2 of 8, 3 of 8, 4 of 8, 5 of 8, 6 of 8, 7 of 8, 8 of 8. Their website: Split Rock Research.
  • (YouTube) Jim & Penny Caldwell Interview. Posted 9/2/2014.
  • The two mountains are about 4 miles apart. (see 3 of 8 starting at minute 2:30). Mount Horeb is northwest of Mount Sinai.
  • Mount Horeb is called Jabal al-Lawz (or Jebel el-Lawz) with elevation of 8,465 feet. Jabal al-Lawz means, "mountain of almonds" (Jabal means "mountain" and Lawz means "almond tree"). Prominence of 5,322 feet (from surrounding base to height). Coordinates 28°39'15.0"N, 35°18'21.0"E . This mountain is of granite.
  • Almond trees are documented to exist between Mt. Horeb and Mt. Sinai. Interestingly, Aaron's rod was made of an almond tree. Also, the bulbs of the golden candlestick was fashioned in the shape of those of an almond tree. See video 5 of 8 after 3:30 for documentation of the previous.
  • Also, Mt. Horeb and Mt. Sinai are covered with fig trees.
  • Flocks of Quail can be seen all over this area to this day.
  • Mount Horeb is about 20 miles from the Saudi side of the Exodus acrossing.
  • From Wikipedia on Mount Horeb: According to the documentary hypothesis, the name Sinai is used in the Torah only by the Jahwist (YHWH) and Priestly Source, whereas Horeb is used only by the Elohist (Elohim) and Deuteronomist.
  • Coincidentally, Mount Ararat is also a double-peaked (volcanic) mountain. Greater Ararat is almost exactly double the size of Mt. Horeb. And the distance between Greater and Lesser Ararat is almost exactly double the distance between Mt. Horeb and Mt. Sinai.

Mount Sinai (Jabal Maqla) - in the Jabal al-Lawz (or in the Mt. Horeb) Mountains

  • Mount Sinai is the very mountain where the Lord delivered the Ten Commandments to Moses.
  • Mount Sinai (4 miles southeast of Mt. Horeb) is called Jabal Maqla (or Jebel Maqla) with an elevation of 6,699 feet. Coordinates 28.595074, 35.334692. Jabal Maqla means, "mountain of quarry" or "quarry mountain." This mountain has a blackish patina, which they call "desert varnish." The black rock is ancient volcanic basalt. From the crater area, the stone casts a blue hue. The rock below contains localized deposits of white marble, with the remainder being the ambient salmon-colored granite. A possible explanation is that the peak of the mountain had been burnt from the presence of God with such a severe heat that the granite rock had been turned to obsidium. This is volcanic glass, caused by the burning of granite at such a high heat that it is transformed into a type of glass.
  • Galatians 4:25, "Now Hagar is Mount Sinai in Arabia..."
  • The Israelites encamped on the southeast side of Mt Sinai. The sanctuary positioned east-west would then have the most holy place (west side of the sanctuary) located against the mountain.
  • (YouTube) Mountain of fire. The search for the Biblical Mt. Sinai. Posted 1/1/2011. Duration: 1:05:51. Larry Williams (famed stock and commodity trader) and Bob Cornuke (police officer, Orange County, California).
  • Evidences at Jebel el Lawz. Lots of pictures of the Mount Sinai area. (Author confuses Jabal al-Lawz to be Mt. Sinai).

Red Sea Crossing site (Nuweiba - Gulf of Aqaba)

  • Distance to Nuweiba. The distance from "Succoth" (or the start of the Exodus from Egypt) to Nuweiba is 330 km or 206 miles. Travelling on foot at 3 miles per hour, it would take approximately 70 hours. Since the Israelites travelled in haste, they might have travelled 10-12 hours a day, so they would have done the trip in about 6 days.
  • Dimensions. In kilometers, longest-widest dimenions are approximately 9.0 km long (north-south) and 4.5 km width (east-west). In miles, approximately 5.6 miles by 2.8 miles.
  • Area per person. If 2 million people stood on this site, each person would have approximately 200 square feet of available space.
  • Crossing distance and slope (of the "underwater land bridge"). The distance to cross the Red Sea from Nuweiba on the Egyptian side to the Saudi Arabian side is 9.6 miles, with the deepest portion being 800+ meters or 2600+ feet. Depending on location, the slope would have been gradual at around 6 to 10 degree slope.
  • On either side of this underwater land bridge. The waters drop almost a mile (5,000 feet) on either side of this natural underwater land bridge.
  • The Identity of Yam Suph. Excellent analysis of the identity of Yam Suph (part ways down the article). Conclusion: It's the modern Gulf of Aqaba.

Split Rock - (northwest of Mount Horeb)

  • Split Rock (Rephidim). 28°43'35.4"N,35°14'10.5"E. A massive split rock on the northwest side of Mount Jabal al-Lawz (Mt. Horeb) shows evidence of gushing water from within, with jagged rocks below worn smooth by an abundant water flow.
  • Exodus 17:6 records God's instructions to Moses when the Israelites were dying of thirst in the wilderness: "I will stand there before you by the rock at Horeb. Strike the rock, and water will come out of it for the people to drink." (The waters they received on the east side later in Exodus journey came from the mountain from a streambed that can be clearly seen on satellite. See Deuteronomy 9:21.)
  • This split rock is a giant 60 foot rock and is on a 300 foot tall hill. A square 20 foot altar is also at this site.
  • Psalm 78:15-16 (ESV) He split rocks in the wilderness and gave them drink abundantly as from the deep. 16 He made streams come out of the rock and caused waters to flow down like rivers.
  • 1 Corinthians 10:4 (ESV) and all drank the same spiritual drink. For they drank from the spiritual Rock that followed them, and the Rock was Christ.

Google maps

  • Google Earth Coordinates. Website with many Biblical location coordinates.
  • Mount Horeb (Jabal al-Lawz). 28°39'15.0"N,35°18'21.0"E. Josephus said that Mt. Sinai "was the highest of mountains in the city of Madian" which is just outside the town of Al Bad. Jebel el Lawz is the highest mountain in the upper two thirds of the country. Also, Philo said Mt. Sinai was located east of the Sinai Peninsula and south of Palestine.
  • Saudi Guard shack in holy precinct area. 28°35'12.5"N,35°23'08.4"E
  • Red Sea Crossing site (Nuweiba). 29°00'05.1"N,34°39'53.0"E. Nuwayba' al Muzayyinah (translation: "Waters of Moses Opening")
  • Golden Calf Altar. 28°34'52.7"N,35°23'46.2"E A formation 30 feet across and 30 feet tall, which could be the altar where the golden calf was constructed. On the rocks were etched ancient drawings of a bull god as described in Exodus 32:4a: Aaron "took what they handed him and made...an idol cast in the shape of a calf."
  • Sacrifice Altar Area (L-shape). 28°35'03.9"N,35°22'43.3"E. At the foot of the mountain on the east side.
  • Possible Grave site of 23,000 bodies. 28°47'03.4"N,35°09'46.3"E
  • Elijah Cave area. 28°35'17.3"N,35°22'23.0"E. Is also located on the east side of the mountain. A cave by which Elijah may have stood to hear God's voice, as described in 1 Kings 19:8b, 13b: "He reached Horeb, the mountain of God ... and stood at the mouth of the cave."

General or Related Notes